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	== Investigative and financial measures ==		== Investigative and financial measures ==

	Treasury placed the action within a joint effort with DEA’s [[Project Cassandra]]. It named DEA’s Special Operations Division Counter Narco-Terrorism Operations Center, New Jersey Division and Office of Global Enforcement, with assistance from FinCEN. The announced measures required covered assets to be blocked and reported to OFAC and generally prohibited U.S.-connected dealings involving blocked property. These were financial restrictions, not sentences imposed on the network’s members or customers.<ref name="r1" />		Treasury placed the action within a joint effort with DEA’s [[Project Cassandra]]. It named DEA’s Special Operations Division Counter Narco-Terrorism Operations Center, New Jersey Division and Office of Global Enforcement, with assistance from [[Financial Crimes Enforcement Network\|FinCEN]]. The announced measures required covered assets to be blocked and reported to OFAC and generally prohibited U.S.-connected dealings involving blocked property. These were financial restrictions, not sentences imposed on the network’s members or customers.<ref name="r1" />

	== Research interpretations ==		== Research interpretations ==

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	''Legal and sanctions status as of 17 October 2026.''		''Legal and sanctions status as of 17 October 2026.''

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	[[Category:Organizations and networks]]		[[Category:Organizations and networks]]

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	[[File:Chams Money Laundering Organization.webp\|thumb\|upright=1.25\|alt=Editorial illustration: Chams Money Laundering Organization\|Original editorial illustration of financial records and linked exchange-house façades; nodes are conceptual and do not depict documented transactions.]]		[[File:Chams Money Laundering Organization.webp\|thumb\|upright=1.25\|alt=Editorial illustration: Chams Money Laundering Organization\|Original editorial illustration of financial records and linked exchange-house façades; nodes are conceptual and do not depict documented transactions.]]

	'''Chams Money Laundering Organization''' is the network designated by the U.S. Treasury in April 2019 under the [[Foreign Narcotics Kingpin Designation Act]]. Treasury also identified the organization and [[Kassem Chams]] as a network affiliated with [[Hezbollah]] under the Hezbollah International Financing Prevention Amendments Act. According to Treasury, the organization moved drug proceeds for named trafficking groups, while DEA assessed that a large portion of its proceeds passed through Lebanon and also benefited Hezbollah.<ref name="r1" />		'''Chams Money Laundering Organization''' is the network designated by the U.S. Treasury in April 2019 under the [[Foreign Narcotics Kingpin Designation Act]]. Treasury also identified the organization and [[Kassem Chams]] as a network affiliated with [[Hezbollah]] under the [[Hizballah International Financing Prevention Act\|Hezbollah International Financing Prevention Amendments Act]]. According to Treasury, the organization moved drug proceeds for named trafficking groups, while DEA assessed that a large portion of its proceeds passed through Lebanon and also benefited Hezbollah.<ref name="r1" />

	== Network and sanctions ==		== Network and sanctions ==

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[[File:Chams Money Laundering Organization.webp|thumb|upright=1.25|alt=Editorial illustration: Chams Money Laundering Organization|Original editorial illustration of financial records and linked exchange-house façades; nodes are conceptual and do not depict documented transactions.]]

'''Chams Money Laundering Organization''' is the network designated by the U.S. Treasury in April 2019 under the [[Foreign Narcotics Kingpin Designation Act]]. Treasury also identified the organization and [[Kassem Chams]] as a network affiliated with [[Hezbollah]] under the Hezbollah International Financing Prevention Amendments Act. According to Treasury, the organization moved drug proceeds for named trafficking groups, while DEA assessed that a large portion of its proceeds passed through Lebanon and also benefited Hezbollah.<ref name="r1" />

== Network and sanctions ==

OFAC designated the organization as a Specially Designated Narcotics Trafficker and separately identified it as a [[Hezbollah]]-affiliated network. In the same action, it identified [[Kassem Chams]] and designated his money service business, Chams Exchange. The organization is the network described in that action; the exchange is a named business, and Chams is a named individual. These related subjects should retain their separate identities and legal descriptions.<ref name="r1" />

Treasury said Chams Exchange operated under a Central Bank of Lebanon license and supervision despite long-standing U.S. suspicions that it was a significant third-party laundering operation. A license is a regulatory fact, not a Treasury endorsement of its transactions; the allegation is Treasury’s stated assessment. The release dates the [[Foreign Narcotics Kingpin Designation Act|Kingpin Act]] network designation and Hezbollah-affiliated-network identification to April 11, 2019.<ref name="r1" />

== Geographical reach ==

Treasury named ten countries in its account of Chams’s money movements: Australia, Colombia, Italy, Lebanon, the Netherlands, Spain, Venezuela, France, Brazil and the United States. It located [[Kassem Chams|Chams Exchange]] in Chtaura, Lebanon, and identified Kassem Chams as its owner. The country list describes the alleged reach of the financial service; it does not identify a specific route, volume or [[Hezbollah]] beneficiary for each country.<ref name="r1" />

== Network and sanctions ==

Treasury said the organization moved tens of millions of dollars a month for designated narcotics traffickers, naming [[La Oficina de Envigado]] in Colombia and Ayman Said Joumaa. It reported movement of money among countries in the Americas, Europe, the Middle East and Australia. DEA, as described in the Treasury release, determined that a large portion of drug proceeds was laundered through Lebanon and that the activity also benefited [[Hezbollah]]. The release gives no transaction-by-transaction allocation of the monthly total to Hezbollah.<ref name="r1" />

== Customers and overlapping networks ==

The two customers expressly named were [[La Oficina de Envigado]] and Ayman Said Joumaa. Treasury separately noted that foreign trafficking groups, including Mexico’s [[Sinaloa Cartel in the 2019 Chams designation|Sinaloa Cartel]], relied on La Oficina operatives. That describes a relationship between La Oficina and Sinaloa. It does not make Sinaloa an expressly identified direct customer of Chams or show that every La Oficina transaction passed through the exchange.<ref name="r1" />

== Settlement services ==

A 2020 Foundation for Defense of Democracies study described [[Kassem Chams|Chams Exchange]] as an important partner of a Europe-based [[Hezbollah]] network and a major intermediary for offsetting payments. The authors attributed that description to French court records. In such settlement arrangements, obligations among intermediaries can be balanced without every payment following a single matching bank-transfer chain. FDD’s account adds a proposed explanation of the exchange’s financial role; it does not provide a published transaction ledger allocating the organization’s monthly flow to Hezbollah.<ref name="r2" /><ref name="r3" />

== Response ==

Chams contested central parts of the account. In a statement reported by L’Orient-Le Jour on 13 April 2019, he denied financial ties to [[Hezbollah]] and a relationship with Joumaa, and challenged the scale of the activity attributed to his business. The allegations and his response form a disputed record; the sanctions announcement was not an admission by Chams or a criminal verdict resolving those disputes.<ref name="r4" />

== Investigative and financial measures ==

Treasury placed the action within a joint effort with DEA’s [[Project Cassandra]]. It named DEA’s Special Operations Division Counter Narco-Terrorism Operations Center, New Jersey Division and Office of Global Enforcement, with assistance from FinCEN. The announced measures required covered assets to be blocked and reported to OFAC and generally prohibited U.S.-connected dealings involving blocked property. These were financial restrictions, not sentences imposed on the network’s members or customers.<ref name="r1" />

== Research interpretations ==

Ottolenghi and Zweig interpreted the April 2019 action as the first use of the amended [[Hezbollah]]-financing legislation after its passage and argued for targeting a wider set of business partners. Their analysis described commissions as one way Hezbollah could benefit from financial facilitation. It did not publish a Chams commission schedule or a calculation of the amount Hezbollah received.<ref name="r5" />

Noam Binstok, Orna Mizrahi and Esteban Klor’s May 2026 INSS analysis explains how trade and hawala settlement can work together in decentralized financing networks. Hawala involves intermediaries settling balances, sometimes separately from the sender’s original payment. This framework helps explain why investigators examine exchange businesses, commercial partners and shared customers together. It does not establish that the Chams organization used every mechanism discussed or fill the gaps in the 2019 announcement’s transaction detail.<ref name="r3" />

== Network and sanctions ==

The two separate actions matter: the narcotics designation concerns the laundering network, while the affiliated-network identification states the agency’s [[Hezbollah]] connection. Neither should be expanded into a claim that every client, transfer or participant was a Hezbollah member. The Treasury release is an agency sanctions account; it is not presented here as a criminal verdict against the organization.<ref name="r1" />

== See also ==
* [[Hezbollah Business Affairs Component]]
* [[Lebanese Canadian Bank]]

== References ==
<references>
<ref name="r1">[https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/sm650 Treasury Sanctions Lebanese Money Launderer Kassem Chams]</ref>
<ref name="r2">[https://www.fdd.org/analysis/2020/09/23/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon/ FDD, Hezbollah Finance in Lebanon: A Primary-Source Review, 2020]</ref>
<ref name="r3">[https://www.inss.org.il/publication/hezbollah-finance/ Hezbollah’s Global Financial Network as a Target in the War Against the Organization]</ref>
<ref name="r4">[https://www.lorientlejour.com/article/1166239/kassem-chams-dement-tout-lien-financier-avec-le-hezbollah.html L’Orient-Le Jour, Kassem Chams denies financial ties to Hezbollah, 13 April 2019]</ref>
<ref name="r5">[https://www.fdd.org/analysis/2019/04/12/treasury-sanctions-against-lebanese-exchange-house-shows-narco-terror-convergence/ Treasury Sanctions Against Lebanese Exchange House Shows Narco-Terror Convergence]</ref>
</references>

''Legal and sanctions status as of 17 October 2026.''

[[Category:Organizations and networks]]

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